Martinique is a mountainous island lying in the Lesser Antilles about 300 mi (483 km) northeast of Venezuela. 

Martinique became a domain of the French crown in 1674.  It became an overseas department of France in 1946.  Fort-de-France is the capital. 

Martinique's sugar exports made it one of France's most valuable colonies; although slavery was abolished in 1848, sugar continued to hold a dominant position in the economy. 

A target of dispute during the Anglo-French worldwide colonial struggles, Martinique was finally confirmed as a French possession after the Napoleonic wars.  In 1902 an eruption of Mt. Pelée destroyed the town of St. Pierre.

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